IELTS Speaking. Grammar. Band 7 and above.

IELTS Speaking Band Descriptors.

Grammatical range and accuracy. Band 7 and above.

В предыдущей статье я начала анализ IELTS Speaking Band Descriptors (public version), и мы посмотрели, какие pronunciation features вы должны продемонстрировать на экзамене, чтобы  получить балл 7 и выше. Если вы всё ещё не видели критериев оценки раздела speaking, вы можете найти их здесь. В этой статье я хочу рассмотреть критерий Grammatical range and accuracy для балла 7 и выше. 

Многие ассоциируют английскую грамматику с временами глагола, и считают, что ключ к успеху на экзамене - это правильно употреблять времена и обязательно ввернуть какое-нибудь "сложное" время, например, past perfect continuous. Правильно употреблять английские времена - это просто замечательно, но, к сожалению, для балла 7 и, тем более, выше, не достаточно.

Обратимся к band descriptors. Приведу формулировки критерия Grammatical range and accuracy:
- uses a range of complex structures with some flexibility (band 7);
- uses a wide range of structures flexibly (band 8);
- uses a full range of structures naturally and appropriately (band 9).

Какие же структуры английской грамматики будут считаться wide/full range of complex structures? Полное разнообразие структур я вам привести в этом блоге, конечно же, не смогу, их слишком много; остановлюсь на нескольких, которые сразу выдают высокий уровень владения языком (и не только на экзамене, а в любой ситуации). 

Range of complex structures – это:   

1.     Passive. Passive infinitives. Passive –ing forms. Правильно употреблять времена в действительном залоге – хорошо, правильно употреблять страдательный залог – ещё лучше, а ещё лучше употреблять такие структуры, как: Passive Infinitive, например, There’s so much to be done; Perfect Passive Infinitive, например, My new car was to have been delivered today, but there was a problem with the paintwork; Passive –ing form, например, I live being given flowers или Being proved wrong is never a comfortable experience; Perfect Passive –ing form, например, She recalled having been taken there when she was young или Having been stung by bees, she has no love of insects.

2.      Modals. Modals of probability. Modals of deduction. Modal perfects. Небольшой тест – переведите предложение «Может быть, я поеду в Канаду». Получилось «Maybe I’ll go to Canada»? Это правильно, только не для балла 7 и выше. Для балла 7 и выше это «I might go to Canada» - использование модального глагола для выражения вероятности. А если вы ещё и будете при помощи модальных глаголов размышлять о вероятности в прошлом – просто великолепно, например, They might have finished already, for all I know или That wasn’t a good idea, you might have hurt him. Также, при помощи модальных глаголов можно делать логические выводы, например, John can’t possibly be 40, he does’t look a day over 30 или He goes to Scotland every year for his holidays. He must really like it. И то жесамое о прошлом, например, You look very relaxed – it must have been a good holiday или Where is John? He can’t have left already, it’s too early.

3.     Conditionals. Правильное употребление классических Zero, First, Second, Third Conditionals, несомненно, впечатлит экзаменатора. А ещё больше его впечатлят такие предложения: Were he to agree, he’d probably become the next coach. Had he agreed, he’d have become the team captain.  If it wasn’t for the parking problem, I’d drive to work. If it hadn’t been for you, we’d never have got there on time. Supposing you were to win the lottery, how would you spend the money?

4.     Emphasis. Inversion after negative adverbs. Берём нормальное предложение балла 6 I had never seen so many people in one room и переделываем егов ударную конструкцию балла 8-9 Never had I seen so many people in one room. Ещё примеры: I had just put the phone down but it immediately rang again. => No sooner had I put the phone down than it rang again. Или We absolutely can’t accept the offer. => Under no circumstances can we accept the offer.

5.      Other emphatic structures. Вы также можете использовать ударные конструкции с It, What, The thing, например, I love Tina’s personality. => It’s Tina’s personality that I love или What I love about Tina is her personality или The thing I love about Tina isher personality. И, конечно, вспомогательные глаголы, например, I do like it! He does seem rather upset.

6.     Verbs followed by –ing or infinitive (with or without to). Вы обязательно должны знать «модели» глаголов, то есть требует ли какой-то глагол после себя глагола с окончанием –ing или инфинитива (или ещё какой-то структуры). Например, человек, претендующий на 7 и выше должен знать, что suggest нельзя употреблять с инфинитивом! Вы можете сказать He suggested going to the cinema или The boss suggested (that) we should leave early. Вы также должны знать разницу между I forgot to do и I forgot doing, а также I can’t bear to watch и I can’t bear watching. Вы также должны знать модели I noticed him sneak out of the room и We heard the alarm bell ringing and rushed out to see what was happening. И, конечно же, мы можете это всё употреблять в аспекте Perfect, например, They denied having avoided me или He appears to have put on weight. 

Впечатляет? И это ещё далеко не full range of structures! К сожалению, выучить и добиться естественного употребления всей этой грамматики в речи за месяц-два-три не получится. Поэтому первый мой совет - не пренебрегайте грамматикой на уроках английского, не позволяйте себе думать «А, ну это мне никогда не пригодится, я так говорить не буду». И второй мой совет – начинайте готовиться к экзамену заблаговременно!

Find out more about IELTS Speaking Band Descriptors for Band 7 and above:
- Pronunciation; 
- Lexical Resource; 
- Fluency and coherence.


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